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Sine Cerere et Baccho friget Venus, Latin for ''Without Ceres and Bacchus, Venus freezes'',〔Or "grows cold" "chills" etc〕 or Sine Cerere et Libero friget Venus,〔Liber was an alternative Roman name for Bacchus, as the older local wine god for Rome〕 is a quotation from the Roman comedian Terence (c. 195/185 – c. 159 BC) that became a proverb in the Early Modern period. Its simplest level of meaning is that love needs food and wine to thrive. It was sometimes shown in art, especially in the period 1550–1630, in Northern Mannerism in Prague and the Low Countries, as well as by Rubens.〔Bull, 218–219〕 It has been suggested that the concentration of images by the Haarlem Mannerists reflects the patronage of the powerful brewers of Haarlem.〔Santos, especially p. 21 onwards〕 == Proverb== The phrase derives from Terence's comedy ''Eunuchus'', in which Chremes says to Pythias in the fifth scene of the fourth act (732), ''verbum hercle hoc verum erit "sine Cerere et Libero friget Venus"'' (That saying, "Without Ceres and Liber, Venus freezes" is absolutely true!"). Thus the phrase was probably a well-known proverb at the time as well. Chremes makes use of it to declare how Pythias seems even more beautiful than usual to him during the rowdy partying after a large meal.〔Erasmus, 178〕 Liber, the son of Ceres and god of human prosperity (and also of wine), was later replaced with Bacchus. The phrase is found in a similar form in Cicero,〔''Rhetorica ad Herennium'' 4.32.43〕 who quotes it as an example of the stylistic device of metonymy.〔''De nat. deor.'' 2.23.60, cited after Gerd Hagenow: (''Der nicht ausgekehrte Speisesaal'' ) (PDF; 3,5 MB), note 7〕 In later times it was universally attributed to Terence. In the Middle Ages, Caesarius of Heisterbach used it in his work, ''Dialogus miraculorum'' to warn against luxury and frivolty and to advocate an ascetic lifestyle.〔''Dialogus miraculorum'' 112〕 Martin Luther quoted it in this sense as well, in a 1518 sermon against the Seven Deadly Sins.〔WA 1,519〕 With the arrival of Renaissance humanism, the proverb was included with a broader sense in various compilations, such as the ''Adagia'' of Erasmus.〔Adagia 1297 = II.3.97〕 The earliest German use is in a compilation from Klagenfurt dating to 1468: ''An wein und brot Leidet Venus not'' (Without wine and bread, Venus is not in good stead).〔Singer, pp. 453f.〕 Further German variants include: * ''Ohne Wein und Brot ist Venus tot.'' (Without wine and bread, Venus is dead) * ''Ohn Speis und Trank ist Venus krank.'' (Without cheer and ale, Venus is frail) * ''Ohne Kost und ohne Wein kann die Liebe nicht gedeihn.'' (Without food and without wine, love cannot shine)〔Publius Terentius Afer: ''Lustspiele'', translated by Christian Victor Kindervater. Leipzig: Frommann, 1799, p. 175 ((Digitised ))〕 Shakespeare's line in ''Twelfth Night'', "Dost thou think because thou art virtuous, there shall be no more cakes and ale", may be an inverted reference.〔''Twelfth Night'' 2.1.123, Sir Toby Belch to Malvolio; see Erasmus, 178〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Sine Cerere et Baccho friget Venus」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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